LEVELS OF AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT
Australia is a representative democracy in which all Australians over 18 years vote for people to represent them, and make decisions on their behalf. There are three levels of government in Australia, and we vote to elect representatives to each of these levels: federal, state or territory and local. Learn about how the Queensland resources sector works with these levels of government.
An overview of levels of government in Australia
Federal government
The decision-making body of the federal government is Federal Parliament, which consists of two houses – the House of Representatives and the Senate.
The leader of the federal government is called the Prime Minister.
A federal election must be held every three years because Australia’s Constitution limits the term of Members of the House of Representatives.
Representatives elected to the House of Representatives are called Members of the House of Representatives. There are 151 members and each member represents a separate division or electorate in Australia. (Find my electorate)
Representatives elected to the Senate are called senators. They represent a whole state or territory. There are 12 senators for every state and two senators for each territory. Senators representing states are elected for a term of six years, with senators representing territories elected for a term of three years.
Federal government responsibilities include: foreign affairs, social security, industrial relations, trade, immigration, currency, defence.
State and territory government
The decision-making body of state government is the state parliament which meets in the Parliament House of the particular state. Each state parliament, except for the Queensland Parliament, is made up of two houses.
Representatives elected to state parliaments are generally known as ‘Members’ – Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) or Members of the House of Assembly (MHA) or Members of the Legislative Council (MLC).
The leader of a state government is called the Premier.
The Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory have a different arrangement. Each territory parliament has one house called the Legislative Assembly.
The leader of each territory government is called the Chief Minister.
State and territory government responsibilities include: justice, consumer affairs, health, education, forestry, public transport, main roads.
Local government
The decision-making body of local government is usually called the city council or shire council. Councils are established by state governments to look after the particular needs of a city or local community. The people’s representatives who form the Council are called aldermen or councillors. The head of the Council is the Mayor or Shire President.
Local government responsibilities include: local road maintenance, garbage collection, building regulations and land subdivisions, public health and recreation facilities such as swimming pools.
Role of Government
| Federal Government (Commonwealth Government) | State / Territory Government | Local Government (City Council or Shire Council) |
|---|---|---|
| Foreign investment | Mining rights and tenure | Council rates |
| Taxation | Royalaties and fees | Planning and management of land use |
| Immigration and visas | Safety and environmental laws | |
| National environmental law | State and regional planning and coordination | |
| International treaties | Native title | |
| Native title | ||
| Trade and customs | ||
| Company law | ||
| Industrial relations |